A Dinamarca, uma Monarquia Constitucional baseada num sistema democrático, é um país independente, escandinavo, membro da União Europeia desde 1973. Partilha postos fronteiriços com dois países: Alemanha e Suécia. A ligação com a Alemanha, por via terrestre, permite acesso rápido a Hamburgo, uma das mais importantes cidades alemãs. A ligação à Suécia é feita através da Ponte do Øresund, que permite uma rápida conexão entre a capital Copenhaga e a cidade sueca de Malmö. A moeda corrente é a Coroa Dinamarquesa (krone, em dinamarquês) que, por seu turno, se divide em 100 øre. De acordo com a conversão corrente, 1 Euro equivale a aproximadamente 7.5 Coroas Dinamarquesas (7 Krone + 55 øre). Em 2000 os Dinamarqueses rejeitaram o Euro após referendo. A rainha Margarida II é a principal chefe de estado, sendo que a Senhora Helle Thorning-Schmidt ocupa actualmente o cargo de primeira-ministra.
Está a pensar em ir para a Dinamarca e começar uma nova fase na sua carreira? Informe-se com este nosso guia “Trabalhar e viver na Dinamarca” e vá mais preparado.
Sobre a Dinamarca
l População: 6 milhões de habitantes
l Capital: Copenhaga
l Moeda: Coroa Dinamarquesa
l Membro da UE: Sim, desde 1973
l Língua oficial: Dinamarquês
l Fronteiras: Alemanha e ligada a Suécia (através da Ponte do Øresund)
Vistos
Na Dinamarca vigora o sistema de isenção de vistos para cidadãos portugueses, pelo que não necessitará de um visto de entrada no país, fruto do Acordo Schengen. Se for estrangeiro e possuir um cisto de residência em Portugal beneficiará também de isenção. No entanto, esta autorização é válida por apenas três meses. Para permanecer no país mais de três meses é preciso pedir autorização de residência. Para isso, necessitará de cumprir um dos seguintes requisitos (em todas as situações tem que provar que tem recursos para se manter):
- ter um emprego remunerado;
- possuir um negócio
- ser estudante
Emprego
Entre os focos económicos mais importantes na Dinamarca, destaque para sectores alimentar, químico, metalúrgico, dos equipamentos eletrónicos e de transporte, do papel e da madeira. No entanto, a Dinamarca está também a pedir quadros-técnicos, com especial destaque para Engenheiros para o sector do gás e petróleo, bem como para as infraestruturas (metropolitano, estradas, pontes, etc). Importa referir, antes de prosseguir, que a Dinamarca não dispõe de um salário mínimo instituído. Os salários dependem da atividade laboral mas a média do país ronda os 1800 euros brutos.
- Entrevistas
Antes de mais, esteja confiante. Na Dinamarca, se foi chamado para uma entrevista, significa que já integrará uma shortlist com 4 ou 5 candidatos com potencial para integrar a empresa. As entrevistas duram cerca de uma hora e não estranhe se lhe oferecerem uma chávena de café ou chá (aceite-a! É sinal de boa educação e vai deixa-lo bem disposto). As perguntas são as habituais, de âmbito profissional, pelo que na parte final poderão ser lançadas algumas questões referentes à esfera pessoal/familiar, em ambiente mais descontraído.
Se assinar um contrato de trabalho e vier a verificar que não corresponde às suas expectativas iniciais, fique a saber que a legislação laboral estabelece um período experimental de 3 meses, durante o qual empregador ou empregado têm extrema facilidade em rescindir a ligação contratual. A flexibilidade laboral é um imperativo do país, tanto que a “flexisegurança”, que há alguns anos Portugal importou, é baseado no sistema dinamarquês, onde o despedimento é processualmente facilitado. Para evitar dissabores, jamais chegue atrasado. Os dinamarqueses são extremamente pontuais e não toleram atrasos. Pelo contrário, é usual e sinal de boa educação chegar com 5 a 10 minutos de antecedência.
Sites de emprego:
Impostos
Os impostos são altos e cobrem uma grande fatia salarial. Por exemplo, o salário bruto de um Engenheiro ronda os 5 mil euros brutos mas, após descontos, cerca de 50% seguem diretamente para o estado. Mas a verdade é que a Dinamarca é um dos poucos regimes de estado-providência que resistem, por isso pode contar com educação e um sistema público de saúde completamente gratuito.
Aliás, é fundamental ter em conta que a Dinamarca é o país com maior taxa de impostos da Comunidade Europeia. Os salários têm que ter sido em conta perante estes dados e importa sempre perceber que os valores que são propostos são brutos (sem impostos) ou líquidos (após descontos). Os descontos variam consoante o ordenado e podem ir dos 36% aos 80% do bolo salarial. Em relação ao IRS, o mesmo é pago mensalmente (não anualmente, como em Portugal).
De forma a integrar o sistema fiscal dinamarquês, todos os trabalhadores têm que pedir um cartão de contribuinte e inscrever-se nas finanças locais (SKAT).
Para mais informações: http://www.skat.dk/SKAT.aspx
A Dinamarca é um dos poucos regimes de estado-providência que resistem, por isso pode esperar serviços relacionados com educação, bem como um sistema público de saúde completamente gratuitos.
Habitação
Copenhaga, por exemplo, é uma das cidades mais caras do mundo e o preço do arrendamento naturalmente que reflete isso. Na capital dinamarquesa, um quarto pode custar entre 400 e 600 euros, dependendo da localização. Já para um T2, os preços da mensalidade passam quase sempre os 1200 euros mensais. Fora de Copenhaga, os preços praticados são ligeiramente mais baixos mas mantém a tendência alta do custo de vida do pais.
Importa ainda sublinhar que é habitual ser requisitado ao novo inquilino três meses de adiantamento para arrendamento de um imóvel, pelo que será necessário alguma liquidez financeira quando se está à procura de um lar. A procura pode ser feita através de agentes oficiais ou através de alguns sites na internet.
É habitual ser requisitado ao novo inquilino três meses de adiantamento para arrendamento de um imóvel.
Sites de procura de habitação:
- http://www.boligportal.dk/
- http://www.apartmentincopenhagen.com/
Educação
O sistema educativo público dinamarquês é completamente gratuito. O sistema, considerado um dos melhores da Europa, está dividido em quatro níveis:
1. Pré-escolar – a partir dos 6 anos, depois do jardim de infância
2. Escola básica (primário e secundário) – a partir dos 7 até aos 15-16
3. Educação Juvenil(ensino secundário) – a partir dos 16-17 até aos 18-19
4. Ensino superior (faculdades e universidades) – a partir dos 19-20
Pré-escolar
Não é obrigatório mas prepara as crianças para a entrada no ensino básico. A maioria das crianças frequenta-o.
Escola Básica
É aqui que começa o ensino obrigatório. A partir deste nível, os jovens dinamarqueses têm nove anos de escolaridade obrigatória pela frente, ao que pode acrescer um 10º ano opcional. Como já foi referido, o ensino é 100% gratuito.
Educação Juvenil
Pode ser comparado ao ensino secundário em Portugal. É orientado para o ingresso no ensino superior e grande parte dos jovens dinamarqueses segue esta via. No entanto, há a opção de seguir este nível orientado para a aprendizagem de uma técnica, o que equivale ao ensino secundário profissional em Portugal. Nesse caso, os alunos aprendem técnicas específicas, para além do conhecimento geral, e orienta-os para a procura de emprego logo após a conclusão do mesmo.
Ensino superior
O ensino universitário é também gratuito, sendo apenas da responsabilidade dos alunos a compra de material didático. Além disso, o estado dinamarquês disponibiliza bolsas de estudo (Statens Uddannelsesstøtte) para todos os alunos que estão inscritos em programas de formação aprovados, que chegam normalmente aos 600 euros mensais.
Língua
O dinamarquês é a língua oficial, sendo que cerca de 86% da população domina o inglês. O inglês é, aliás, largamente utilizada como ferramenta de negócios. Para além destas duas línguas, o alemão surge também numa posição destacada.
Dinamarquês, Inglês e Alemão são, por esta ordem, as línguas mais importantes no país.
Entusiasmado? Veja a reportagem da Sic sobre o “país mais feliz do mundo”.
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Thank you for your attention to detail and great writing style. Your prliissfonaoesm shows in your article. I like your interesting views and appreciate your unique ideas. This is quality.
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Wauw, wat een fijne super combo: Loods 5 en Villa Augustus. Beiden nog nooit geweest maar lijkt me heel erg leuk. Mooie foto’s heb je gemaakt. Oh en nog bedankt voor je lieve reacties wat betreft Bo.
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Gostaria de maiores i formações sobre a revalidação do diploma de médico na Dinamarca. Sou ginecologista e tenho a intensão de me mudar do Brasil para a Dinamarca. Obrigada
olá Thania, você descobriu como revalidar seu diploma? Sou psiquiatra no Brasil e possivelmente mudarei para lá, mas estou sem informações sobre revalidar diploma. Se tiver alguma informação, me ajudaria bastante.
procuro emprego para qualquer aeroporto sou operador de rampa escala faço assistência aos aviões na pista estou ligado no mundo da aviação Civil
Conheci, uma dinamarquesa que me propôs ser paí de um filho dela, segundo a mesma, lá tem muita dificuldade de engravidar
Knocked my socks off with knweledgo!
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You are jumping to conclusions not supported by the facts in evidence. She is not claiming no support for the children the past 13 months. She is seeking custody of the children and thereby wanting child support. Big difference. She’s been a stay-at-home mother the past several years and only in the last year has she gone back to work. I know you have an irrational hatred of Republicans but you really should examine the facts as they are (or even as they have been published in the paper) instead of how you imagine them to be.
boa noite
eu gostaria trabalha Dinamarca Suíça ou francês sou pós graduação ti e analista ti
eu sou problema auditivo
obrigado!
Estou me formando no curso de Matemática – Licenciatura e gostaria de saber como faço para poder exercer minha profissão (professora de matemática) na Dinamarca? O que é necessário?
Boa Noite.
Tenho Experiência na área de transporte como analista de frota .
Moro no Brasil e quero ir para a Dinamarca e trabalhar como babá e ou governanta.
Sou Brasileiro e gostaria de trabalhar na Dinamarca, sou formado em Educação física e pós graduado em ergonomia, mas aceito emprego em qualquer área.
Obrigado.
Sou brasileira,casada,com dois filhos.
Tenho o técnico de enfermagem,meu marido é motorista profissional.Gostariamos de trabalhar e morar na dinamarca.
Sou brasileiro, solteiro quero trabalhar na Dinamarca em qualquer area.Possuo experiência como Consultor de Vendas
sou pedreiro com muita experiencia ,egostaria de trabalhar na dinamarca
Saudo consoante o tempo que receber o correio electronico, sou Mocambicano, solteiro quero trabalhar na Dinamarca na area de Geologia, Electrecidade, Motorista. Possuo esperiencia para estas areas mensionada.
Sou Fotografo e tambem gostaria de trabalhar na Dinamarca mesmo em outros empregos o complicado e mesmo a liguagem so falo o Portugues e um pouco do frances